See robur on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rōbustus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rōborō → corrōborō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "robre"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: robre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: robre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rouvre"
},
"expansion": "French: rouvre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rouvre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roure"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: roure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: roure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "róvol",
"3": "rol",
"4": "rovr"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: róvol, rol, rovr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: róvol, rol, rovr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "robra",
"3": "rebor"
},
"expansion": "Galician: robra, rebor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: robra, rebor (archaic), Reboreda"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovere"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roble",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "roble"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: roble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: roble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rùvulu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rùvulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rùvulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "róare"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: róare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: róare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouβos",
"4": "*rouβos ~ *rouβoses"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouβos ~ *rouβoses",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier rōbus (with change of nominative after the pattern of iecur), from Proto-Italic *rouβos ~ *rouβoses, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), named for its reddish hardwood and thus cognate to ruber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbur",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbore",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbur/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"expansion": "rōbur n (genitive rōboris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbur/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 44 3 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 19 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 1 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 47 1 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 42 7 7 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "la:Oaks",
"parents": [
"Beech family plants",
"Trees",
"Fagales order plants",
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an oak tree"
],
"id": "en-robur-la-noun-M84BK356",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 44 3 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 19 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 46 1 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 47 1 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 42 7 7 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Oaks",
"orig": "la:Oaks",
"parents": [
"Beech family plants",
"Trees",
"Fagales order plants",
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an oak tree",
"Designating a specific kind and opposed to quercus, aesculus."
],
"id": "en-robur-la-noun-lDmVMsO7",
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"quercus",
"quercus#Latin"
],
[
"aesculus",
"aesculus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 19 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardness"
],
"id": "en-robur-la-noun-JdME3Q5B",
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 19 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In general, to one estimating, more of their strength is in their infantry.",
"ref": "c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 6.4",
"text": "In ūniversum aestimantī plūs penes peditem rōboris."
},
{
"english": "Nature has given us enough strength, if only we would employ it.",
"ref": "c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 116.7",
"text": "Satis natura dedit roboris si illo utamur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"strength"
],
"id": "en-robur-la-noun-5riGI~cg",
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vīs"
},
{
"word": "ops"
},
{
"word": "vehementia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 24 19 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stronghold"
],
"id": "en-robur-la-noun-yhKpJohb",
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.bur/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroːbʊr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.bur/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔːbur]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortitūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rōbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rōbor"
}
],
"word": "robur"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Oaks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rōbustus"
},
{
"word": "rōborō → corrōborō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "robre"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: robre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: robre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rouvre"
},
"expansion": "French: rouvre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rouvre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "roure"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: roure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: roure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "róvol",
"3": "rol",
"4": "rovr"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: róvol, rol, rovr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: róvol, rol, rovr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "robra",
"3": "rebor"
},
"expansion": "Galician: robra, rebor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: robra, rebor (archaic), Reboreda"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovere"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roble",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "roble"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: roble",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: roble"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "rùvulu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: rùvulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: rùvulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "róare"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: róare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: róare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rouβos",
"4": "*rouβos ~ *rouβoses"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rouβos ~ *rouβoses",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier rōbus (with change of nominative after the pattern of iecur), from Proto-Italic *rouβos ~ *rouβoses, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), named for its reddish hardwood and thus cognate to ruber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōbur",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōborī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbore",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōboribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōbora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbur/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"expansion": "rōbur n (genitive rōboris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōbur/rōbor<3.N>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an oak tree"
],
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an oak tree",
"Designating a specific kind and opposed to quercus, aesculus."
],
"links": [
[
"oak",
"oak"
],
[
"quercus",
"quercus#Latin"
],
[
"aesculus",
"aesculus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardness"
],
"links": [
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In general, to one estimating, more of their strength is in their infantry.",
"ref": "c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 6.4",
"text": "In ūniversum aestimantī plūs penes peditem rōboris."
},
{
"english": "Nature has given us enough strength, if only we would employ it.",
"ref": "c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 116.7",
"text": "Satis natura dedit roboris si illo utamur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"strength"
],
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vīs"
},
{
"word": "ops"
},
{
"word": "vehementia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stronghold"
],
"links": [
[
"stronghold",
"stronghold"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.bur/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroːbʊr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.bur/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔːbur]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fortitūdō"
},
{
"word": "rōbus"
},
{
"word": "rōbor"
}
],
"word": "robur"
}
Download raw JSONL data for robur meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.